Iron Deficiency and ADHD: What’s the Connection?

At Effect Doctors, we’re seeing increasing interest from patients exploring the root causes behind symptoms like brain fog, poor concentration, low motivation, and mental fatigue. While these symptoms can sometimes indicate a neurodevelopmental condition such as ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder), they may also stem from an overlooked physical cause: iron deficiency.

Recent studies and patient experiences alike suggest a compelling overlap between low iron stores and ADHD-like symptoms—especially in women. Understanding this connection can lead to more accurate diagnoses and better treatment outcomes.

Why Iron Matters for Mental Function

Iron is not only vital for oxygen transport in the blood; it also plays key roles in brain chemistry and structure. It supports:

• Dopamine production – the neurotransmitter linked to motivation, attention and reward.

• Myelin synthesis – the protective coating around nerves that enables fast, efficient signalling.

When iron stores are low, dopamine transmission can be impaired, and nerve function slowed—resulting in symptoms often associated with ADHD: distractibility, poor focus, low mood, and difficulty with task initiation.

What the Research Shows

A 2017 meta-analysis found that children with ADHD had significantly lower ferritin levels (the body’s iron-storage protein) than those without. More recently, smaller studies and patient reports have shown that correcting iron deficiency can alleviate symptoms in some individuals who previously met ADHD criteria.

In clinical practice, many women diagnosed with ADHD in adulthood—particularly those with heavy periods or plant-based diets—are found to have suboptimal ferritin levels. In some cases, restoring iron stores brings significant improvements in energy, cognition, and focus.

Why Women Are Particularly Affected

Women are more prone to iron deficiency for several reasons:

• Menstrual blood loss – especially in cases of heavy or prolonged periods.

• Pregnancy and breastfeeding – each pregnancy uses approximately 1g of iron.

• Plant-based or low-meat diets – plant-derived (non-heme) iron is less absorbable than animal-based (heme) iron.

• High physical activity – endurance training increases iron turnover and loss.

These factors can lead to low iron stores even in women who do not have anaemia and who appear “healthy” on standard blood tests.

Testing: A Smarter First Step

If you’re experiencing ADHD-like symptoms or have recently been diagnosed in adulthood, we recommend checking:

• Serum ferritin – a marker of iron storage.

• Full blood count (FBC) – to rule out anaemia or other underlying issues.

While many labs consider ferritin >15 µg/L as “normal,” levels above 50 µg/L are often needed for optimal brain function. At Effect Doctors, we use evidence-informed thresholds to guide our recommendations.

Treatment Options

• Dietary changes: Red meat, dark poultry, and shellfish are rich in bioavailable iron. Pair with vitamin C-rich foods for better absorption.

• Oral supplementation: We often recommend forms like ferrous bisglycinate, which are gentler on the stomach.

• Intravenous (IV) iron therapy: For those who can’t tolerate oral supplements or need faster results, we offer safe, hospital-grade IV infusions at our London clinics or via home visits (if clinically appropriate).

It’s also important to treat the cause—be it heavy menstrual bleeding, fibroids, or gut malabsorption—so that iron levels remain stable long-term.

Iron Isn’t Always the Whole Story

Not all symptoms of inattention or mental fatigue are caused by iron deficiency. ADHD is a complex condition influenced by genetics, environment, and brain chemistry. However, for some individuals—especially women with heavy periods or low energy—iron may be an important piece of the puzzle.

At Effect Doctors, our integrative approach looks at the full picture. We offer comprehensive blood testing, tailored nutritional advice, and medical treatments to help you get to the root of your symptoms.

Think Iron Could Be a Factor?

If you’ve recently been diagnosed with ADHD, or you’re experiencing persistent fatigue and brain fog, consider testing your iron levels before starting long-term stimulant medication. A simple blood test could help uncover a correctable, often-missed issue.

To speak to a doctor or book a ferritin blood test or iron infusion, contact us at: book@effectdoctors.com

Effect Doctors
London’s expert-led wellness and medical screening service.